Harnessing Agro-Industrial waste for biogas production via anaerobic co-digestion: A systematic review

Resumen

The increase in agro-industrial waste and the growing demand for sustainable energy represent a dual environmental and energy challenge. Despite their high organic content, the inadequate management of these residues exacerbates ecological damage and wastes their energy potential. Anaerobic co-digestion emerges as an efficient alternative, transforming these wastes into biogas and enabling the sustainable management of biomass. This article systematically analyzes biogas production from agro-industrial residues through anaerobic co-digestion, evaluating types of waste, operational conditions, pretreatment methods, and methanogenic performance. The results show that the appropriate combination of substrates enhances process stability and maximizes biogas production. Factors such as the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, and the use of additives (such as biochar) significantly influence system efficiency. However, technical and logistical barriers persist, particularly in rural areas, limiting large-scale implementation. It is concluded that anaerobic co-digestion is not only a viable solution for renewable energy generation but also a step forward toward a circular economy with tangible environmental and social benefits.